Postselection induced localization and coherence in quantum walks on heterogeneous networks

TL;DR

This paper explores how postselection and network heterogeneity influence localization and coherence in quantum walks, revealing conditions that induce localization and preserve quantum coherence.

Contribution

It introduces a nonlinear Lindblad master equation approach to study postselection effects on quantum walks in heterogeneous networks, uncovering mechanisms for localization and coherence preservation.

Findings

Postselection can induce localization at low-degree nodes in quantum walks.

Heterogeneous networks stabilize localized states with finite quantum coherence.

Degree heterogeneity enhances entanglement preservation in many-body spin systems.

Abstract

Postselection of quantum trajectories is known effectively introduce nonlinearity into dynamics of open quantum systems. We study the effect of such non-linearity in continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs) on networks with homogeneous and heterogeneous degree distributions. Using the recently proposed nonlinear Lindblad master equation (NLME), we investigate the dynamics under two decoherence mechanisms: Haken-Strobl and quantum stochastic walk (QSW). Our analysis reveals a striking dichotomy: under Haken-Strobl decoherence the nonlinear contributions precisely cancel, yielding a uniform steady state independent of postselection details. In stark contrast, QSW decoherence permits postselection to break dynamical balance on heterogeneous networks, inducing robust localization preferentially at low-degree (peripheral) nodes. Remarkably, this localized state maintains finite quantum coherence. Extending our results to many-body spin systems, we demonstrate that degree heterogeneity similarly stabilizes localization of spin-up excitations in spin-down backgrounds, enhancing entanglement preservation. These findings establish degree heterogeneity and postselection as joint control parameters for engineering quantum transport and localization in dissipative dynamics.