Testing the Coexistence of Dark Energy and Dark Matter with Late-time Observational Data

TL;DR

This paper explores a cosmological model with interacting dark energy and dark matter, demonstrating it fits late-time observational data better than standard models and offers insights into the universe's acceleration.

Contribution

It introduces an analytical solution for the Hubble function in a dark sector interaction model and constrains its parameters using diverse recent observational data sets.

Findings

The coexistence model fits observational data better than ΛCDM and wCDM.

It can describe late-time acceleration effectively.

The model predicts a smaller H₀ value compared to standard models.

Abstract

We investigate the viability of a cosmological scenario with interacting dark sector, which can describe the coexistence between dark energy and dark matter. The model possesses an analytical solution for the Hubble function and we constrain the free parameters by applying the newly released cosmic chronometers data (31 old data and 3 new data from DESI), the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillators from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Survey (DESI DR2 BAO), along with Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and Supernova catalogues (Pantheon Plus, Union3, and DES-Dovekie). We find that the coexistence model fits the data sets in a better way than the reference models - the $\Lambda$CDM and $w$CDM models. The analysis shows that the coexistence scenario can provide a cosmologically viable model for the description of the late-time acceleration of the universe. Nevertheless, for large redshifts, the model has a similar behaviour to that of the $w$CDM model, as the introduction of the GRB data indicates in the statistical parameters. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the coexistence model provides a statistically smaller value for the $H_{0}$ parameter.