Chipmunq: A Fault-Tolerant Compiler for Chiplet Quantum Architectures

TL;DR

Chipmunq is a novel hardware-aware compiler designed for fault-tolerant quantum chiplet architectures, significantly improving compilation efficiency, circuit optimization, and error rates by addressing the unique challenges of modular quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces the first fault-tolerance-aware compiler for chiplet quantum architectures, effectively managing interconnects and error correction overheads.

Findings

13.5x faster compilation compared to existing tools

86.4% reduction in circuit depth

91.4% fewer SWAP gates

Abstract

As quantum computing advances toward fault-tolerance through quantum error correction, modular chiplet architectures have emerged to provide the massive qubit counts required while overcoming fabrication limits of monolithic chips. However, this transition introduces a critical compilation gap: existing frameworks cannot handle the scale of fault-tolerant quantum circuits while managing the noisy, sparse interconnects of chiplet backends. We present Chipmunq, the first hardware-aware compiler for mapping and routing fault-tolerant circuits onto modular architectures. Chipmunq employs a quantum-error-correction-aware partitioning strategy that preserves the integrity of logical qubit patches, preventing prohibitive gate overheads common in general-purpose compilers. Our evaluation demonstrates that Chipmunq achieves a 13.5x speedup in compilation time compared to state-of-the-art tools. By incorporating chiplet constraints and defective qubits, it reduces circuit depth by 86.4% and SWAP gate counts by 91.4% across varying code distances. Crucially, Chipmunq overcomes heterogeneous inter-chiplet links, improving logical error rates by up to two orders of magnitude.