Fourier transform of irregular connections on $\mathbb P^1$ and classification of Argyres-Douglas theories

TL;DR

This paper mathematically interprets dualities in Argyres-Douglas theories via Fourier transforms and Möbius transformations on irregular connections, linking physical dualities to explicit geometric operations.

Contribution

It provides a new geometric framework for understanding dualities in Argyres-Douglas theories through the Fourier transform and Möbius transformations on irregular connections.

Findings

Dualities are realized as compositions of Fourier transform and Möbius transformation.

Explicit formulas for singularity data of Fourier transforms are derived.

Connection between 3d mirror quivers and nonabelian Hodge diagrams is clarified.

Abstract

We give a mathematical interpretation of the dualities between type $A$ Argyres-Douglas theories recently obtained by Beem, Martone, Sacchi, Singh and Stedman, building on work of Xie. Using the fact that, via the wild nonabelian Hodge correspondence, the data defining such a theory amount to singularity data for irregular connections on $\mathbb P^1$ of a specific form, we show that these dualities can all be realized as compositions of two types of more basic operations acting on such irregular connections: the Fourier transform and a M\"obius transformation exchanging zero and infinity. The proof relies on the stationary phase formula giving explicit expressions for the singularity data of the Fourier transform. We also clarify the relation between the quivers describing the 3d mirrors of type $A$ Argyres-Douglas theories and the nonabelian Hodge diagrams defined in work of Boalch-Yamakawa and of the author: the 3d mirror corresponds to the unique nonabelian Hodge diagram with no negative edges/loops among those of singularity data in the corresponding orbit under basic operations.