Boussinesq-Klein-Gordon and Ostrovsky equations: evolution of cnoidal waves with local defects

TL;DR

This paper investigates the evolution of cnoidal waves with local defects in layered solid waveguides using the Boussinesq-Klein-Gordon equation, deriving reduced models, and validating results with numerical simulations to understand wave stability and rogue wave formation.

Contribution

It derives a bi-directional weakly-nonlinear solution avoiding the zero-mean contradiction and applies it to analyze wave evolution with defects, supported by numerical validation.

Findings

Cnoidal waves with defects are stable under perturbations.

The Ostrovsky equation predicts rapid wave bursts and rogue wave formation.

Weakly-nonlinear solutions agree well with full numerical simulations.

Abstract

The Boussinesq-Klein-Gordon (BKG) equation has emerged in the studies of nonlinear bulk strain waves in layered solid waveguides. The developed bi-directional weakly-nonlinear solution leads to two copies of the Ostrovsky equation, for the right- and left-propagating waves. Importantly, the derivation avoids the so-called `zero-mean contradiction' between the type of initial conditions in the parent equation and in the reduced model. In this paper, we apply the solution to describe the evolution of cnoidal waves with local periodicity defects and generic localised perturbations, and compare the results with the direct numerical simulations for the full BKG equation. The cnoidal waves with the periodicity defects discussed in our work constitute generalised travelling waves of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, while the Ostrovsky equation leads to a strong burst (and may lead to a rogue wave), qualitatively similar to the wavepacket emerging from a soliton initial condition, but appearing much faster. We compare the weakly-nonlinear solution with the direct numerical simulations within the bi-directional setting of the BKG equation and show that the discussed uni-directional waves and evolution scenarios remain stable in the presence of counter-propagating perturbations.