Optical Resonances: From Eigenmodes to Scattering Features

TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified framework for understanding electromagnetic resonances in nanophotonics, linking eigenmodes to scattering features across various structures and phenomena.

Contribution

It proposes a coherent language to interpret resonant phenomena, clarifies the relationship between eigenmodes and scattering, and addresses complex interference effects.

Findings

Resonances evolve from particles to periodic structures.

Interference phenomena like bound states in the continuum are analyzed.

A unified framework clarifies the connection between eigenmodes and scattering features.

Abstract

Electromagnetic resonances play a central role in nanophotonics by enabling efficient confinement of electromagnetic energy and enhanced light-matter interaction. Traditionally, resonant phenomena have been described using platform-specific concepts developed within distinct research communities, including photonic crystals, plasmonics, and dielectric metasurfaces. In this Perspective, we propose a unified framework that distinguishes electromagnetic resonances as eigenmodes of open systems from their experimentally observed manifestations as scattering features. We show how resonances evolve from isolated particles to coupled oligomers and periodic structures, highlighting the roles of geometry, material response, and dimensionality. Particular attention is given to interference-driven phenomena such as bound states in the continuum, lattice resonances, anapoles, and superscattering, some of which cannot always be associated with a single eigenmode. By clarifying the relationship between eigenmodes, scattering channels, and interference effects, this Perspective provides a coherent language for interpreting resonant phenomena and identifies key challenges and opportunities for designing robust resonant photonic systems.