Topological Phase Transitions in Superfluids Near Black Hole Horizons

TL;DR

This paper explores how black hole horizons can induce topological phase transitions in a superfluid model, leading to vortex-antivortex pair production near horizons, by adapting the 2D XY model to curved spacetime.

Contribution

It introduces a novel adaptation of the 2D XY model to curved spacetime and demonstrates horizon-induced topological phase transitions in superfluids.

Findings

Vortex-antivortex pairs proliferate near black hole horizons.

Black hole temperature influences the topological phase transition.

The model applies to Schwarzschild--de Sitter black holes.

Abstract

We investigated a two-dimensional superfluid model immersed in a black hole spacetime and hypothesize that if a black hole collides with a thin superfluid film, it will trigger a topological phase transition within the superfluid, characterized by the production of vortex--antivortex pairs. We adapted the 2D XY model to a curved spacetime and elucidated the topological phase transition in response to variations in the black hole's temperature. Specializing the model to a Schwarzschild--de Sitter black hole, we found a proliferation of vortex--antivortex pairs close to the event and cosmological horizons.