The Lee-Huang-Yang energy for a dilute gas of hard spheres: an upper bound

TL;DR

This paper derives an upper bound for the ground state energy density of a dilute bosonic hard-sphere gas, matching the Lee-Huang-Yang formula in the dilute limit, advancing understanding of quantum many-body systems.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous upper bound for the ground state energy density that aligns with the Lee-Huang-Yang formula for dilute gases of hard spheres.

Findings

Upper bound matches Lee-Huang-Yang formula in dilute limit

Confirms the validity of the Lee-Huang-Yang correction for hard-sphere gases

Advances theoretical understanding of quantum gas energies

Abstract

We consider a quantum gas consisting of $N$ hard spheres with radius $\frak{a} > 0$, obeying bosonic statistics and moving in the box $\Lambda = [0;L]^3$ with periodic boundary conditions. We are interested in the ground state energy per unit volume in the thermodynamic limit, with $N, L \to \infty$ at fixed density $\rho = N / L^3$. We derive an upper bound for the ground state energy density, matching the famous Lee-Huang-Yang formula, up to lower order terms, in the dilute limit $\rho \frak{a}^3 \ll 1$.