Vector Higgs-Portal Dark Matter: How UV Completion Reopens Viable Parameter Space

TL;DR

This paper examines vector Higgs-portal dark matter models, showing that UV completion with a dark Higgs can evade current detection limits and reopen viable parameter space, unlike simpler effective models.

Contribution

It demonstrates that UV-complete models with a dark Higgs significantly alter the phenomenology, allowing viable dark matter parameter space to remain despite strong detection constraints.

Findings

Effective Higgs-portal model is nearly excluded by current limits.

UV completion with a dark Higgs opens new viable parameter space.

Resonant annihilation near scalar resonance weakens detection constraints.

Abstract

The particle nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the central open problems in modern physics. Among the most extensively studied candidates are weakly interacting massive particles, whose parameter space is now under strong pressure from direct detection, indirect detection, and collider searches. In this work we revisit the Higgs-portal scenario with vector DM, first in an effective-field-theory description and then in a renormalizable UV-complete realization. We show that the effective Higgs-portal model with a Proca vector coupled quadratically to the Standard Model Higgs is essentially excluded over almost all of its parameter space by current direct-detection limits, with only a narrow region near the Higgs resonance surviving with a required fine tuning of the DM to Higgs mass that should at the permille level. We then consider a UV completion based on an additional gauged $U(1)_X$ symmetry, in which the DM candidate is a massive vector boson $V$ and the scalar sector is extended by a dark Higgs that mixes with the Standard Model Higgs. In this framework, the presence of a second scalar mediator opens an additional resonant annihilation channel and can substantially weaken the direct-detection constraints. In particular, when the DM mass lies sufficiently close to the heavy-scalar resonance, $m_V \simeq m_{H_2}/2$, the coupling required to reproduce the observed relic abundance can lie up to about two orders of magnitude below current direct-detection bounds, thereby opening viable parameter space that is absent in the effective description. Our results highlight the importance of going beyond the effective-field-theory approximation in Higgs-portal vector DM models and show that UV-complete realizations can qualitatively change the phenomenological conclusions.