Reference Architecture of a Quantum-Centric Supercomputer
Seetharami Seelam, Jerry M. Chow, Antonio C\'orcoles, Sarah Sheldon, Tushar Mittal, Abhinav Kandala, Sean Dague, Ian Hincks, Hiroshi Horii, Blake Johnson, Michael Le, Hani Jamjoom, and Jay M. Gambetta

TL;DR
This paper proposes a reference architecture and roadmap for Quantum-Centric Supercomputing systems that integrate quantum and classical HPC components to enhance computational research and algorithm development.
Contribution
It introduces a comprehensive reference architecture and phased roadmap for developing integrated quantum-classical supercomputing systems.
Findings
Defines three phases of QCSC evolution
Outlines system integration and middleware requirements
Provides a strategic roadmap for implementation
Abstract
Quantum computers have demonstrated utility in simulating quantum systems beyond brute-force classical approaches. As the community builds on these demonstrations to explore using quantum computing for applied research, algorithms and workflows have emerged that require leveraging both quantum computers and classical high-performance computing (HPC) systems to scale applications, especially in chemistry and materials, beyond what either system can simulate alone. Today, these disparate systems operate in isolation, forcing users to manually orchestrate workloads, coordinate job scheduling, and transfer data between systems -- a cumbersome process that hinders productivity and severely limits rapid algorithmic exploration. These challenges motivate the need for flexible and high-performance Quantum-Centric Supercomputing (QCSC) systems that integrate Quantum Processing Units (QPUs),…
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Taxonomy
TopicsQuantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture · Cloud Computing and Resource Management · Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
