Systematic exploration of triply heavy tetraquarks: spectroscopic and decay characteristics

TL;DR

This study systematically investigates triply heavy tetraquarks using a nonrelativistic quark model, revealing their spectroscopic properties, decay behaviors, and proposing experimental search channels for their detection.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive theoretical analysis of triply heavy tetraquark states, including mass spectra, decay modes, and potential experimental signatures.

Findings

Ground-state masses are 5.2-5.5 GeV for charm and 15.0-15.3 GeV for bottom systems.

All states are unstable with dominant strong decays and negligible radiative decays.

Narrow resonances are predicted due to Feynman amplitude cancellation.

Abstract

While hidden, singly, doubly, and fully heavy tetraquark states have been experimentally observed, triply heavy tetraquark states remain unconfirmed. We systematically investigate the spectroscopic and decay properties of four triply heavy-flavor tetraquark systems ($cc\bar{c}\bar{n}$, $cc\bar{c}\bar{s}$, $bb\bar{b}\bar{n}$, $bb\bar{b}\bar{s}$; $n=u,d$) based on the nonrelativistic quark model. Using an effective Hamiltonian, we employ the Gaussian expansion method to solve the four-body Schr\"{o}dinger equation and incorporate the effect of color-spin configuration mixing. Results show both $cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$ and $bb\bar{b}\bar{q}$ systems have two $J^{P}=0^{+}$, three $J^{P}=1^{+}$, and one $J^{P}=2^{+}$ states, with ground-state masses of 5.2-5.5 GeV and 15.0-15.3 GeV, respectively. Root-mean-square radius analysis supports compact tetraquark configurations. All states are unstable, with rearrangement strong decays dominant and negligible radiative decays. Narrow resonances (e.g., $T_{c^{2}\bar{c}\bar{s}}(5360,0^{+})$, $T_{b^{2}\bar{b}\bar{n}}(15052,0^{+})$) arise from Feynman amplitude cancellation. We propose experimental searches in $J/\psi D^{*}_{s}$/ $\eta_{c}D_{s}$ (5.3-5.4 GeV) and $\Upsilon B^{*}$ (15.0-15.1 GeV) channels, providing key guidance for triply heavy tetraquark identification.