Thermodynamically massless Simpson-Visser black holes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of Simpson-Visser regular black holes within Einstein gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics and a scalar field, revealing they have zero mass, finite temperature, and are thermodynamically less favored than singular counterparts.

Contribution

It introduces a formulation where integration constants do not appear explicitly, enabling a detailed thermodynamic analysis of regular black holes with novel properties.

Findings

Black holes have vanishing thermodynamic mass due to boundary contributions.

They possess a conserved magnetic charge, finite temperature, and entropy.

Regular black holes are thermodynamically less favored than singular ones in a heat bath.

Abstract

In this work, we scrutinize the thermodynamic properties of the Simpson-Visser (SV) spacetime. Working within Einstein gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) and a scalar field with negative kinetic energy, we rederive the solution in a formulation where the integration constants do not explicitly appear in the action, allowing them to vary consistently in the thermodynamic analysis. Using the Euclidean method, we show that the regular spacetime structure modifies the boundary contributions to the conserved charge associated with time translations, allowing the NLED sector to cancel the mass term and yielding a black hole with vanishing thermodynamic mass. Nevertheless, the spacetime admits a conserved magnetic charge and describes a regular black hole with a single horizon, finite temperature, and entropy, while the first law of thermodynamics holds in a modified form. We further compare this solution with the corresponding scalar-free singular black hole obtained when the regular parameter vanishes. Placing the two configurations in the same heat bath with identical temperature and magnetic chemical potential, we find that the SV regular black hole always has a larger free energy, indicating that the scalar-free singular configuration is thermodynamically preferred.