Integrability-breaking-induced Mpemba effect in spin chains

TL;DR

This paper investigates how weak integrability breaking in spin chains can induce a Mpemba effect, where colder systems equilibrate faster than hotter ones, due to differences in hydrodynamic spin dynamics.

Contribution

It identifies two mechanisms causing the Mpemba effect in weakly non-integrable spin chains, linking early-time symmetry restoration to late-time hydrodynamic behavior.

Findings

Colder systems exhibit longer-lived superdiffusive spin hydrodynamics.

Early-time symmetry restoration can cause crossing of equilibration curves.

The effect depends on initial conditions and temperature differences.

Abstract

We show that there are two distinct mechanisms that can cause the symmetry-restoration Mpemba effect in spin chains with \textit{weakly broken} integrability, such that the asymptotic equilibration is diffusive, but the lifetime of anomalously fast spin hydrodynamics at low temperature is parametrically large. In particular, we consider isotropic spin chains quenched out of equilibrium by suppressing the $z$-components, without inducing any net magnetisation. Initially, the restoration of isotropy is faster in hotter systems -- because they have more phase space available to scramble their initial conditions -- which may cause the equilibration curves to cross at early times in both integrable and non-integrable systems. At later times, however, the equilibration is effectively hydrodynamic, and the \textit{colder} systems start to equilibrate faster as the lifetime over which they evince superdiffusive spin hydrodynamics is parametrically larger -- but only in \textit{non}-integrable models. Depending on the details of the temperatures and the extent of the initial symmetry-breaking, two isotropy-restoration curves may have a crossing at early time, late time, neither, or both.