Optical and orbital characterization of spherically symmetric static black holes of self-gravitating new nonlinear electrodynamics model

TL;DR

This paper investigates the optical appearance and orbital dynamics of a new class of black holes influenced by nonlinear electrodynamics, providing predictions for observable phenomena like shadows and lensing to compare with current and future data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model of black holes with nonlinear electrodynamics, analyzing their optical and orbital features and how they differ from classical black hole solutions.

Findings

Determined the photon sphere and shadow size dependence on charge and nonlinearity index.

Computed stable and unstable circular orbits, highlighting deviations from Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black holes.

Evaluated light deflection and periastron shift as additional observational diagnostics.

Abstract

Horizon scale imaging and precision lensing have turned black holes into quantitative laboratories for strong gravity and for non standard electromagnetic physics. We study the optical appearance and orbital dynamics of a new class of static spherically symmetric black holes sourced by a Palatini inspired nonlinear electrodynamics model, minimally coupled to Einstein-Hilbert gravity. Using a unified geodesic analysis, we identify the key radii that organize the strong field phenomenology. For photons we determine the unstable photon sphere, the associated critical capture threshold, and the resulting shadow size for a distant observer, and we map how these observables respond to the charge and to the nonlinearity index $n$. For massive probes we compute circular orbits and the innermost stable circular orbit, clarifying the departure from the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstr\"om cases. We then connect to classical tests by evaluating the light deflection angle and periastron advance, providing additional diagnostics that complement the shadow. Our results furnish a practical reference model for confronting first order nonlinear electrodynamics black holes with current and forthcoming imaging and lensing data.