Cosmological Spacetimes with Sign-Changing Spatial Curvature and Topological Transitions

TL;DR

This paper explores cosmological models where spatial curvature can change sign over time, enabling topological transitions in the universe's geometry, which are consistent with global hyperbolicity under certain conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for modeling cosmological spacetimes with time-dependent curvature allowing topology change, overcoming previous theoretical limitations.

Findings

Constructed three geometries with sign-changing curvature

Identified conditions for global hyperbolicity

Characterized Killing vectors in these models

Abstract

Observational evidence, together with practical computations and modeling, supports a Euclidean spatial sector in the current cosmological model based on the FLRW metric. This, however, would imply that the total amount of matter and energy immediately after the Big Bang must have been infinite, an implication that could only be avoided through a transition from a closed to an open universe, a process forbidden in standard FLRW models. In this article, we investigate the spacetimes resulting from promoting the spatial curvature $k$ in FLRW spacetimes to a time-dependent function, $k \to k(t)$, allowing it to change sign and thereby allowing changes in the topology of the constant-$t$ slices. Although previously dismissed due to a classical theorem by Geroch, such transitions are shown to be consistent with global hyperbolicity when the comoving time is distinct from a Cauchy time, as recent work by one of the authors demonstrates. We construct three distinct geometries exhibiting this behavior using different representations of constant-curvature spaces. We analyze their global properties and identify mild conditions under which they remain globally hyperbolic. Furthermore, we characterize their Killing vectors, proving a general result for spherically symmetric spacetimes and compare them with known geometries in the literature.