Breathing and Fission of Magnetic Multi-Solitons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the experimental creation and control of magnetic multi-solitons in a Bose gas, showing their breathing behavior and how weak perturbations can induce their fission, aligning with integrable theory predictions.

Contribution

It provides the first deterministic experimental realization of magnetic multi-solitons and explores their controlled fission by breaking integrability in a Bose gas system.

Findings

Observation of two- and three-soliton states with breathing behavior

Controlled fission of two-solitons into fundamental constituents

Agreement of experimental results with integrable theory predictions

Abstract

We report the deterministic experimental realization and controlled fission of magnetic multi-soliton states in a uniform quasi-one-dimensional immiscible two-component Bose gas. We explore the Manakov regime, where the spin dynamics is well described by the easy-axis Landau-Lifshitz equation (LLE). The gauge equivalence between the easy-axis LLE and the attractive nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) enables the direct construction of magnetic multi-solitons from the well-known NLSE solutions. We observe the two- and three- soliton states, which exhibit robust breathing in quantitative agreement with integrable theory. By introducing a weak, localized perturbation, we controllably break integrability and induce the splitting of a two-soliton into its fundamental constituents. This process reveals the composite structure of multi-soliton states and realizes an experimental analog of the inverse scattering transform.