Electromagnetically induced transparency and population repump readout of Rydberg states of Cs atoms in a J-scheme

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simplified three-photon Rydberg atom electrometry scheme using diode lasers, achieving high sensitivity for RF electric field measurements without complex laser setups, and explores a modified scheme with enhanced detection capabilities.

Contribution

The authors demonstrate a laser-efficient three-photon sensing scheme for Rydberg atom electrometry, enabling sensitive RF field detection with simplified laser requirements and novel population repumping techniques.

Findings

Achieved 1.3 MHz linewidth in low-power regime.

Detected 4.7 GHz RF field with 27 μV/m/Hz^{1/2} sensitivity.

Modified scheme with hyperfine locking improved sensitivity to 39 μV/m/Hz^{1/2}.

Abstract

Rydberg atom electrometry offers traceable electric field measurements over many decades of radio frequencies in a single device. Miniaturization of these sensors is primarily limited by requirements of the lasers used. Here we demonstrate a three-photon sensing scheme using a J-shaped energy level coupling that can be achieved using external cavity diode lasers, without the need for a doubling crystal or tapered amplifier. In the low laser power regime, we demonstrate a full-width at half-maximum linewidth of 1.3 MHz. We demonstrate that for RF field electrometry using conventional heterodyne techniques, we can detect 4.7 GHz at a sensitivity of 27 {\mu}V m-1 Hz-1/2, comparable to that of two-photon detection schemes which require the use of a tapered amplifier. We also investigate a modified scheme where the probe laser is locked to a different hyperfine state, thus measuring the two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency in the other two lasers via the change in population of this separate state due to repumping. In this scheme we find the sensitivity for a 4.7 GHz field to be 39 {\mu}V m-1 Hz-1/2, and demonstrate that the amplitude scaling with probe power offers a different saturation profile than the linked J-scheme counterpart.