OFDM Waveform Optimization for Bistatic Integrated Sensing and Communications

TL;DR

This paper develops an OFDM waveform design for bistatic integrated sensing and communication systems, optimizing subcarrier and power allocation to enhance delay estimation and data rate performance.

Contribution

It introduces a joint path coefficient and delay estimation scheme and formulates an optimization framework for OFDM waveform design balancing sensing and communication needs.

Findings

Subcarrier allocation for sensing depends on Fisher information gain.

Power allocation follows a bounded water-filling structure.

Proposed methods outperform existing baselines in delay estimation and data rate.

Abstract

This paper investigates the design of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms for bistatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. In the considered framework, an ISAC transmitter jointly optimizes subcarrier assignment and power allocation for a single OFDM waveform that simultaneously supports communication and sensing functionalities. Meanwhile, an ISAC receiver decodes information on communication subcarriers and estimates per-path propagation delays via exploiting pilot symbols on sensing subcarriers. We propose a joint path coefficient and delay estimation (JPCDE) scheme, revealing that the achievable communication data rate (CDR) is determined by the number of communication subcarriers, whereas the delay sensing accuracy is governed by the index distribution of sensing subcarriers. Building on this insight, we formulate an OFDM waveform optimization problem to maximize the CDR subject to sensing-accuracy and power-budget constraints. To solve this problem, we employ a quadratic transform and Lagrangian dual decomposition, which iteratively updates the subcarrier assignment and power allocation variables in closed-form. Our results reveal that a subcarrier is allocated for sensing if and only if its Fisher information gain exceeds the corresponding communication rate loss, while the power allocation for communication subcarriers exhibits a bounded water-filling structure. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed frameworks substantially outperform existing baselines in both delay estimation accuracy and CDR.