SI-ChainFL: Shapley-Incentivized Secure Federated Learning for High-Speed Rail Data Sharing

TL;DR

SI-ChainFL introduces a secure federated learning framework for high-speed rail data sharing that incentivizes honest participation and decentralizes aggregation using Shapley values and blockchain, improving robustness and accuracy.

Contribution

It combines contribution-aware incentives with decentralized blockchain aggregation, optimizing Shapley value estimation and enhancing security in federated learning for HSR systems.

Findings

Achieves 14.12% higher accuracy than RAGA under 90% malicious clients.

Effectively resists poisoning attacks with high accuracy.

Reduces Shapley estimation overhead through client clustering.

Abstract

In high-speed rail (HSR) systems, federated learning (FL) enables cross-departmental flow prediction without sharing raw data. However, existing schemes suffer from two key limitations: (1) insufficient incentives, leading to free-riding and model poisoning; and (2) centralized aggregation, which introduces a single point of failure. We propose a secure and efficient framework SI-ChainFL that addresses these issues by combining contribution-aware incentives with decentralized aggregation. First, we quantify client contributions using a Shapley value metric that jointly considers rare-event utility, data diversity, data quality, and timeliness. To reduce computational overhead, we further develop a rare positive driven client clustering strategy to accelerate Shapley estimation. Moreover, we design a blockchain-based consensus protocol for decentralized aggregation, where aggregation eligibility is tied to Shapley incentives. This design motivates clients to submit high-quality updates and enables efficient and secure global aggregation. Experiments on MNIST, CIFAR 10 and CIFAR 100, and a HSR flow dataset show that SI ChainFL remains effective under 90% malicious clients in PA attacks, achieving 14.12% higher accuracy than RAGA. Theoretical analysis further guarantees an upper bound on performance