A Unified Multicarrier Waveform Framework for Next-generation Wireless Networks: Principles, Performance, and Challenges

TL;DR

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for multicarrier waveforms tailored for 6G networks, analyzing their principles, performance, and suitability under diverse channel conditions to guide future standardization.

Contribution

It systematically characterizes and compares state-of-the-art multicarrier waveforms, providing practical guidelines for waveform selection in next-generation wireless networks.

Findings

Different waveforms exhibit unique resilience to channel interference.

Performance metrics vary significantly across waveforms in different scenarios.

The framework aids in selecting optimal waveforms for 6G applications.

Abstract

Next-generation wireless networks require enhanced flexibility, efficiency, and reliability in physical layer waveform design to address the challenges posed by heterogeneous channel conditions and stringent quality-of-service demands. To this end, this paper proposes a unified multicarrier waveform framework that provides a systematic characterization and practical implementation guidelines to facilitate waveform selection for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks and beyond. We commence by examining the design principles of the state-of-the-art waveforms, which are categorized into one-dimensional modulation waveforms (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM)) and two-dimensional modulation waveforms (e.g., orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS)). Their inherent resilience against various channel-induced interference is further studied, revealing their distinct suitability in diverse channel conditions. Furthermore, an in-depth performance analysis is presented by comparing their key performance indicators (KPIs), followed by an extensive exploration of these advanced waveforms in various applications. Consequently, this work aims to serve as a pivotal reference for waveform adoption in future 6G standardization and network deployment.