Conversational Demand Response: Bidirectional Aggregator-Prosumer Coordination through Agentic AI

TL;DR

This paper presents Conversational Demand Response (CDR), a novel bidirectional natural language interaction system between aggregators and prosumers, enabling transparent, explainable, and scalable residential demand response coordination through agentic AI.

Contribution

It introduces a two-tier multi-agent architecture for real-time, conversational demand response, combining automation with user agency and transparency, and provides an open-source implementation.

Findings

Interactions complete in under 12 seconds.

Demonstrates scalable, transparent prosumer-aggregator communication.

Enables prosumer-initiated upstream communication.

Abstract

Residential demand response depends on sustained prosumer participation, yet existing coordination is either fully automated, or limited to one-way dispatch signals and price alerts that offer little possibility for informed decision-making. This paper introduces Conversational Demand Response (CDR), a coordination mechanism where aggregators and prosumers interact through bidirectional natural language, enabled through agentic AI. A two-tier multi-agent architecture is developed in which an aggregator agent dispatches flexibility requests and a prosumer Home Energy Management System (HEMS) assesses deliverability and cost-benefit by calling an optimization-based tool. CDR also enables prosumer-initiated upstream communication, where changes in preferences can reach the aggregator directly. Proof-of-concept evaluation shows that interactions complete in under 12 seconds. The architecture illustrates how agentic AI can bridge the aggregator-prosumer coordination gap, providing the scalability of automated DR while preserving the transparency, explainability, and user agency necessary for sustained prosumer participation. All system components, including agent prompts, orchestration logic, and simulation interfaces, are released as open source to enable reproducibility and further development.