Nonlinear magnetoelastic wave dynamics and field tunable soliton excitations in hexagonal multiferroic media

TL;DR

This paper explores nonlinear magnetoelastic wave behavior and electrically tunable soliton excitations in hexagonal multiferroic materials, revealing complex dynamics, hybridization effects, and control mechanisms for soliton properties.

Contribution

It introduces a coupled magnetoelastic-ferroelectric model demonstrating electrically tunable soliton excitations and nonlinear wave dynamics in multiferroic media.

Findings

Dynamics evolve from quasiperiodic to multimode behavior

External electric field controls soliton characteristics

Identifies bifurcation thresholds in magnetization phase space

Abstract

We investigate nonlinear magnetoelastic wave dynamics and electrically tunable soliton excitations in hexagonal multiferroic media. By varying the magnetoelastic coupling strength and using a coupled magnetoelastic-ferroelectric continuum model, we found that the system evolves from weakly nonlinear quasiperiodic oscillations to strongly anharmonic yet phase-coherent multimode dynamics. Our results suggest that the dynamics remain bounded and approach distorted limit-cycle behavior rather than chaotic motion despite the enhanced nonlinearity. The excitation spectra and the band dispersion relations reveal that this nonlinear evolution originates from strong magnon-phonon hybridization and coupling-induced renormalization of collective excitation branches, leading to coherent energy exchange among magnetic, elastic, and polarization subsystems. In addition, the coupled dynamics can be reduced to an effective magnetoelastic nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation and support localized excitations such as bright and dark solitons and Kuznetsov-Ma type breathers. Furthermore, it is found that an external electric field modifies both the effective nonlinear coefficient and the dispersion curvature, enabling continuous control of soliton amplitude, width, and stability. The field also induces a saddle-node bifurcation in the magnetization phase space, defining a critical threshold separating multistable and monostable regimes. Our results establish a theoretical framework for electrically tunable nonlinear spin-lattice excitations and soliton engineering in multiferroic systems.