Non-equilibrium bosonization of fractional quantum Hall edges

TL;DR

This paper develops a non-equilibrium bosonization theory for fractional quantum Hall edges, enabling analysis of charge transport, quasiparticle Green's functions, and fractionalization effects in multi-mode edges, with implications for experimental detection of anyonic braiding.

Contribution

It introduces a unified non-equilibrium bosonization framework for FQH edges, extending to multi-mode interactions and connecting transport observables with anyonic braiding phases.

Findings

Full counting statistics reveal fractionalized charge signatures.

Interaction-induced fractionalization alters edge transport properties.

Fano and differential Fano factors can experimentally probe anyonic braiding.

Abstract

Edge transport serves as a powerful probe of remarkable low-energy properties of fractional quantum Hall states, including the anyonic character of their excitations. Here, we develop a theory of fractional quantum Hall edges driven out of equilibrium, which is based on the Keldysh action for the bosonized chiral Luttinger liquid. With this non-equilibrium FQH bosonization framework, we first consider a single-mode Laughlin edge and analyze the full counting statistics of charge, the quasiparticle Green's functions, and tunneling transport properties through a quantum point contact, allowing for generic edge excitations. We then extend the formalism to multi-mode edges with inter-mode interactions, and explore, with focus on the $\nu=4/3$ and $\nu=2/3$ edges as paradigmatic examples, how interaction-induced fractionalization of anyons modifies the edge dynamics and the associated transport observables. While the full counting statistics probes the fractionalized charge of the excitations, the Green's functions and tunneling transport are governed by mutual braiding phases of fractionalized excitations and tunneling quasiparticles. We emphasize in particular the effect of interaction-induced fractionalization on the Fano factor $F$ and the differential Fano factor $F_d$, observables that can be measured experimentally. Our formalism, which provides a unified framework for non-equilibrium transport in FQH edges and Luttinger liquids, permits extracting anyonic braiding information from non-equilibrium edge-transport experiments, and paves the way to various extensions, including more involved experimental geometries and edge structures.