S5-SHB Agent: Society 5.0 enabled Multi-model Agentic Blockchain Framework for Smart Home

TL;DR

This paper introduces S5-SHB-Agent, a blockchain-based multi-agent framework for smart homes aligned with Society 5.0, enabling adaptive decision-making, multi-agent coordination, and resident-controlled governance.

Contribution

It proposes a novel multi-model agentic blockchain framework with adaptive consensus and tiered resident governance for smart homes, addressing limitations of existing rigid systems.

Findings

Effective resident governance separates comfort and safety settings.

Adaptive PoW blockchain responds to transaction volume and emergencies.

Multi-agent coordination improves decision-making across domains.

Abstract

The smart home is a key application domain within the Society 5.0 vision for a human-centered society. As smart home ecosystems expand with heterogeneous IoT protocols, diverse devices, and evolving threats, autonomous systems must manage comfort, security, energy, and safety for residents. Such autonomous decision-making requires a trust anchor, making blockchain a preferred foundation for transparent and accountable smart home governance. However, realizing this vision requires blockchain-governed smart homes to simultaneously address adaptive consensus, intelligent multi-agent coordination, and resident-controlled governance aligned with the principles of Society 5.0. Existing frameworks rely solely on rigid smart contracts with fixed consensus protocols, employ at most a single AI model without multi-agent coordination, and offer no governance mechanism for residents to control automation behaviour. To address these limitations, this paper presents the Society 5.0-driven human-centered governance-enabled smart home blockchain agent (S5-SHB-Agent). The framework orchestrates ten specialized agents using interchangeable large language models to make decisions across the safety, security, comfort, energy, privacy, and health domains. An adaptive PoW blockchain adjusts the mining difficulty based on transaction volume and emergency conditions, using digital signatures and a Merkle tree to anchor transactions and ensure tamper-evident auditability. A four-tier governance model enables residents to control automation through tiered preferences from routine adjustments to immutable safety thresholds. Evaluation confirms that resident governance correctly separates adjustable comfort priorities from immutable safety thresholds across all tested configurations, while adaptive consensus commits emergency blocks.