Stochastic inner workings of subdiffraction laser writing

TL;DR

This paper introduces a statistical optics framework to understand subdiffraction laser writing in semiconductors, revealing how resolution emerges from stochastic interactions and setting bounds on scalability.

Contribution

It develops a novel theoretical framework for analyzing laser-matter interactions at subwavelength scales, combining optical super-resolution with statistical optics insights.

Findings

Subdiffraction precision is achievable through stochastic laser-matter interactions.

A closed-form solution quantifies the interplay between determinism and randomness.

Lower throughput is a trade-off for higher resolution in laser writing.

Abstract

Ultrafast laser writing of single lattice defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors is shown to present a new physical setting in which deeply subwavelength laser-writing positioning precision is attainable, but where the whole notion of positioning can only be understood in a statistical sense. We outline a framework for the analysis of this class of laser - matter interactions, grounding the concepts of optical super-resolution and subdiffraction positioning in statistical optics. Working along these lines, we derive closed-form solutions for physically meaningful quantifiers of laser-matter interactions on a subwavelength scale, suggesting a physically clear view of how deeply subdiffraction resolution can emerge from the interplay between determinism and stochasticity. We show that subdiffraction positioning precision in single-lattice-defect laser writing is achieved at the cost of a lower throughput, setting physical bounds on the scalability of integrated quantum photonic systems fabricated by means of super-resolving laser writing.