Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma

TL;DR

This paper develops a coupled charm-charmonium transport model for the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma, integrating lattice QCD data to improve the understanding of charmonium behavior in heavy-ion collisions.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent transport framework using thermodynamic T-matrix interactions and lattice QCD constraints, unifying charm-quark diffusion and charmonium kinetics.

Findings

Successfully reproduces centrality dependence of charmonium yields.

Captures momentum dependence of charmonium observables.

Provides a new approach for studying heavy-quark dynamics in QGP.

Abstract

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a strongly coupled medium in which both open and hidden charm particles experience substantial nonperturbative interactions. This poses a major challenge for a quantitative description of charmonium transport in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as it requires a mutually consistent treatment of pertinent transport coefficients. In this work, we present a coupled charm-charmonium transport framework for a strongly coupled QGP based on thermodynamic $T$-matrix interactions with recent constraints from Wilson-line correlators (WLCs) computed in lattice QCD. For the first time, the same underlying heavy-light interactions and in-medium spectral functions are used to self-consistently evaluate charm-quark diffusion and charmonium kinetics. In particular, the charmonium equilibrium limit, a critical transport parameter for regeneration, is evaluated in the presence of broad spectral functions. Charm-quark diffusion is simulated via Langevin dynamics and coupled to a Boltzmann equation for charmonium dissociation and regeneration. The equilibrium limit of the statistical model is recovered once charm quarks thermalize, and its extension to describe off-equilibrium is constructed. Preliminary applications to charmonium observables in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC capture the measured centrality and momentum dependence fairly well.