Electrochromic chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates reversible electric field tuning of reflection wavelength in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, expanding their potential for tunable optical devices and smart windows.

Contribution

It introduces a new method for reversible electric tuning of reflection color in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals along the helix axis, supported by a theoretical model.

Findings

Reflection wavelength can be increased by up to 200 nm under electric fields.

Theoretical model explains helical deformation under electric field.

Electrical treatment of substrates influences reflectivity shift.

Abstract

Chiral nematic liquid crystals are one-dimensional photonic band-gap materials whose reflection wavelength can be well tuned by temperature, but only limited and irreversible tuning can be achieved by electric fields. In contrast, oblique heliconical chiral nematic materials blueshift with <1kV/mm fields applied along the helix axis, whereas chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals can be redshifted by <0.1kV/mm fields applied perpendicular to the helix axis. Here we demonstrate that in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, the reflection color can be reversibly tuned also by electric fields applied along the helix axis. In sandwich cells assembled with bare conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, the reflectivity peak wavelength increases by up to 200 nm under fields up to 0.4 kV/mm. When the ITO substrates are treated with an electrically insulating polymer layer, the reflectivity shift is suppressed. We propose a theoretical model assuming helical deformation of the helix axis under electric field. This model accounts for all observations and also yields an estimate of the splay elastic constant which is challenging to determine by other methods. Our findings expand understanding of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals and suggest potential applications in both tunable reflectors and energy-efficient smart windows.