Photon statistics in chiral waveguide QED: I Mean field and perturbative expansions

TL;DR

This paper develops efficient mean-field and perturbative methods to model photon statistics in chiral waveguide QED systems, enabling analysis of complex many-body quantum dynamics and comparison with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a higher order mean-field approximation and a perturbative analytical solution for photon statistics in chiral waveguide QED, addressing computational challenges for larger atom numbers.

Findings

Good agreement with experimental results using mean-field approximation.

Analytical solution captures photon statistics for moderate atom numbers.

Fourth-order mean-field needed to describe second-order coherence onset.

Abstract

Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (WQED) offers a suitable stage for controlling the interaction of light with atoms, allowing for collective phenomena such as super- and subradiance. In a chiral waveguide setup, the quantum state evolves through all the Hilbert space, rendering an exact theoretical treatment exponentially hard and unobtained to date for more than $\sim 20$ atoms. In this work, we use a computationally efficient higher order mean-field approximation to model the radiation dynamics in a chirally coupled array of atoms, showing good agreement with recent experimental results. Further, based on a perturbative approximation of the full dynamics, we develop an analytical solution that captures photon statistics for a moderate atom number, $N$, and a homogeneous atom-waveguide coupling, $\beta$. Finally, we show that capturing the onset of second-order coherence from a fully inverted state requires a fourth-order mean-field approximation, as lower-order treatments fail to account for the necessary four-body correlations. These results illustrate the complex behavior of a symmetry-lacking system, and the methods discussed here provide systematic analytical solutions to which semi-classical methods such as the cumulant expansion or the truncated Wigner approximation can be benchmarked.