Many-Body Structural Effects in Periodically Driven Quantum Batteries

TL;DR

This paper investigates how many-body structural features like interaction range, boundary conditions, and integrability influence the performance of periodically driven quantum batteries, revealing pathways for enhanced energy storage and charging efficiency.

Contribution

It uncovers the fundamental role of many-body structure and nonintegrability in optimizing the charging performance of quantum batteries under periodic driving.

Findings

Long-range interactions lead to superextensive energy storage.

Open boundary conditions improve robustness over periodic boundaries.

Nonintegrability enhances energy storage by promoting ergodic dynamics.

Abstract

While quantum batteries have been widely studied under static driving, their performance under periodic driving in many-body systems has received only limited attention. In this Letter, we uncover structural principles showing that many-body structure fundamentally determines the charging performance of a collective spin-1/2 quantum battery driven by a periodic Ising charger. In particular, interaction range, boundary conditions, system size, and integrability -- capturing graph connectivity, geometry, even-odd effects, and many-body dynamics -- emerge as critical factors for enhancing stored energy and charging power. First, we analyze how connectivity scaling and boundary geometry shape battery performance. We show that long-range interacting chargers exhibit superextensive energy storage, approaching the fundamental upper bound over broad ranges of driving periods and system sizes. In contrast, nearest-neighbor chargers achieve optimal charging only under finely tuned commensurability conditions. Moreover, we find that open boundary conditions (OBC) enhance robustness compared to periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Second, we examine the role of integrability under periodic driving. We demonstrate that nonintegrability enhances energy storage by suppressing conserved quantities and promoting ergodic Floquet dynamics, thereby enabling efficient population of the many-body spectrum. Through systematic structural optimization across multiple parameters, we identify long-range nonintegrability as a central resource for fast, scalable, and robust charging of collective quantum batteries. Our results clarify how structural features of many-body systems, together with periodic driving, can be harnessed to achieve efficient collective charging dynamics.