Lower-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet gravity black holes with quintessence

TL;DR

This paper explores how quintessential matter influences the properties of lower-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black holes, revealing effects on horizons, singularities, geodesics, and thermodynamics, with exact solutions extending the BTZ metric.

Contribution

It provides exact solutions for (2+1)-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black holes with quintessence, highlighting the impact of quintessence on their geometric and thermodynamic features.

Findings

Event horizon size decreases with quintessence parameter

Stable photon orbits exist only for phantom-like quintessence

Black hole remnants are stable and size decreases with increasing _q

Abstract

In this paper, we study the $D\to3$ limit of Gauss-Bonnet gravity with quintessential matter, obtaining exact solutions that extend the BTZ metric through higher-curvature terms and quintessence coupling. The solutions exhibit a single event horizon whose radius decreases with increasing quintessence parameter $\omega_q$, while developing a curvature singularity at the origin for non-vanishing quintessence. The geodesic analysis reveals stable circular photon orbits exist exclusively for phantom-like quintessence ($\omega_q < -1$). Thermodynamically, the system is stable, since the specific heat is positive, and with evaporation it evolves to stable remnants whose characteristic size decreases as $\omega_q$ increases, with complete evaporation prevented by quintessence effects. Furthermore, we find that all physical quantities intrinsically depend on the parameter $\alpha$ of the Gauss-Bonnet extension.These results demonstrate the profound influence of quintessential matter on both geometric and thermodynamic properties of (2+1)-dimensional black holes, offering new perspectives on gravitational theories in lower dimensions and black hole final states.