Comparison of Credential Management Systems Based on the Standards of IEEE, ETSI, and YD/T 3957-2021

TL;DR

This paper compares the security standards for credential management in V2X networks across IEEE, ETSI, and YD/T 3957-2021, analyzing their differences, cryptographic methods, and implementation efficiency.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of three major V2X credential standards, evaluates cryptographic method efficiencies, and compares their implementation performance on V2X devices.

Findings

Differences in certificate and message formats among standards

Cryptographic method efficiencies vary across standards

Implementation results show differences in signing and verification performance

Abstract

As V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology becomes increasingly prevalent, the security of V2X networks has garnered growing attention worldwide. In North America, the IEEE 1609 series standards are primarily used, while Europe adopts the ETSI series standards, and China has also established its industry standard, YD/T 3957-2021, among others. Although these standards share some commonalities, they also exhibit differences. To achieve compatibility across these standards, analyzing their similarities and differences is a crucial issue. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the three major standards mentioned above, discussing aspects such as certificate formats, signed message formats, and certificate request processes. Additionally, this research evaluates the efficiency of different cryptographic methods, including NIST P-256 and SM2-256, SHA-256 and SM3-256, as well as AES-128 and SM4-128. Finally, the study implements these three major standards on V2X devices and compares the efficiency of message signing and signature verification in V2X systems, providing a reference for the development of a secure certificate management system for V2X networks.