Toward multi-purpose quantum communication networks: from theory to protocol implementation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a full-stack, multi-purpose quantum communication protocol implementation on existing hardware, enabling the transition from single-task to versatile quantum networks with validated performance and security assessments.

Contribution

It introduces a methodology for deploying and evaluating multi-purpose quantum communication protocols on real hardware, simplifying large-scale network development.

Findings

Successful implementation of quantum oblivious transfer and quantum tokens on the same hardware.

Validation of protocols using a simulation backend that mimics real hardware conditions.

Discussion of security bounds and engineering choices for practical deployment.

Abstract

Most quantum communication networks around the world are used for a single task: quantum key distribution. In order to initiate the transition to multi-purpose quantum communication networks, we demonstrate the implementation of two different tasks on the same quantum key distribution hardware. Specifically, we focus on quantum oblivious transfer and quantum tokens. Our main contribution is to establish a methodology that greatly simplifies the expertise required to achieve the deployment, assess its performance, and evaluate its feasibility at a large scale. The implementation that we present is full-stack. It is based on a development framework that allows running user-defined applications both with simulated or real quantum communication backend. The hardware used for the implementation is VeriQloud's Qline. The simulation backend reproduces exactly the inputs and outputs of the real hardware, but also its losses and errors. It can therefore be used to validate the implementation before running it on the real hardware. The sources of the software that we use are fully open, making our research reproducible. The security of the implementations on real hardware are discussed with respect to security bounds previously known in the literature. We also discuss the engineering choices that we made in order to make the implementations feasible. By establishing a methodology to evaluate the performance and security of quantum communication protocols, we take a significant step towards industrializing and deploying large-scale, multi-purpose quantum communication networks.