Anisotropic two-dimensional magnetoexciton with exact center-of-mass separation

TL;DR

This paper introduces an exact analytical method for separating center-of-mass and relative motions in anisotropic 2D magnetoexcitons, improving accuracy over approximate models and enabling detailed magneto-optical analysis.

Contribution

It develops a non-perturbative, exact framework for magnetoexciton analysis in anisotropic 2D materials, incorporating anisotropy-dependent couplings and magnetic effects.

Findings

Calculated magnetoexciton energies for black phosphorus and TiS3.

Demonstrated the impact of anisotropy on magnetic response.

Provided a systematic approach for non-perturbative solutions.

Abstract

Excitons in anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials, defined by direction-dependent effective masses, are of pronounced interest for their roles in excitonic and magneto-optical phenomena. A perpendicular magnetic field complicates the separation of center-of-mass (c.m.) and relative motions, especially when electron and hole masses are comparable. Conventional theories often employ an approximate c.m. separation using factorized wave functions, modifying magnetic Hamiltonian terms and possibly introducing inaccuracies in magnetoexciton energy predictions. This work develops an exact analytical framework for c.m. and relative motion separation in anisotropic 2D magnetoexcitons, without resorting to the stationary-c.m. approximation. Starting from the full electron-hole Hamiltonian in a homogeneous magnetic field, the formalism uses the conserved pseudomomentum to derive a relative-motion Hamiltonian, revealing new anisotropy-dependent couplings and magnetic coefficients absent in approximate models. The resulting Schr\"odinger equation is treated via the Feranchuk-Komarov operator method and Levi-Civita transformation, allowing non-perturbative, systematically convergent solutions. Application to monolayer black phosphorus and titanium trisulfide, both freestanding and encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, yields magnetoexciton energies, diamagnetic coefficients, and probability densities for the ten lowest states across considerable magnetic-field ranges. The results demonstrate the significant influence of anisotropy-dependent coupling on magnetic response in systems with strong mass anisotropy. This formalism is generalizable to other anisotropic 2D semiconductors, establishing a foundation for advanced magneto-optical studies.