Assessing Hemodynamic Impact of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Displacement: Combining Postoperative in vivo Results and Computational Modeling to Improve Surgical Planning

TL;DR

This study combines postoperative in vivo results with computational modeling to assess how tissue-engineered vascular graft displacement affects hemodynamics, aiming to improve surgical planning and outcomes.

Contribution

It introduces a method to quantify graft displacement effects on hemodynamics by integrating in vivo data with virtual simulations, enhancing surgical decision-making.

Findings

Graft displacement up to 6.9 mm causes significant pressure and shear stress changes.

Virtual simulations improved aortic shape prediction accuracy by 27.5%.

Hemodynamic metrics are highly sensitive to graft placement mismatches.

Abstract

Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) have shown promise in advancing vascular reconstructions. However, precise in vivo implantation is challenging, and it is unclear how deviations in location and size affect hemodynamics. This study aims to compare preoperative designs and postoperative anatomies of TEVG in an in vivo study to evaluate discrepancies and investigate the impact of graft displacement and size on hemodynamics by virtually simulating implantation scenarios that are informed by in vivo postoperative results. Designed and postoperative geometries of four porcine aortas were compared to measure the mismatch in implantation location and graft shape. These results informed a virtual TEVG implantation study. TEVG location, orientation, and size were varied to investigate the effects on the final aorta shape and hemodynamics. Anastomosis of TEVG was simulated using finite element modeling. Key hemodynamic metrics were obtained from virtual implantations and actual postoperative anatomies using computational fluid dynamics. Our in vivo study showed that TEVGs can experience up to 6.9 mm displacement and a 38 degree rotational shift post-implantation, leading to discrepancies in pressure drop (2.5 mmHg, 50%) and time-averaged wall shear stress (7.2 Pa, 72%) compared to predictions. Virtual anastomosis simulations improved aortic shape predictions by 27.5%. Our results highlight the sensitivity of key hemodynamic metrics to graft implantation location and size mismatch. By quantifying displacement ranges and their impacts during surgery, surgeons can make informed decisions.