Quark-diquark effective mass formalism for heavy baryon spectroscopy

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quark-diquark effective mass formalism to predict heavy baryon spectra, aligning well with experimental and lattice QCD data, and provides a stable, symmetry-constrained framework for understanding heavy baryon structure.

Contribution

It develops a novel, comprehensive formalism for heavy baryon spectroscopy using quark-diquark models with consistent parameters across sectors.

Findings

Predicted heavy baryon masses agree with experimental data.

Diquark parameters are stable across different heavy-flavor sectors.

The model captures the transition from chromomagnetic to Coulomb dominance.

Abstract

We develop a quark-diquark effective mass formalism for heavy-flavor baryon spectroscopy and apply it to the $J^P = \tfrac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P = \tfrac{3}{2}^+$ spectra across the singly, doubly, and triply heavy sectors. The analysis is carried out in two complementary scenarios: Scenario I treats all quark-quark diquark channels dynamically, while Scenario II restricts the dynamics to scalar and axial-vector diquarks, providing a more selective and physically transparent description. Constituent quark masses, effective diquark masses, and chromomagnetic couplings are extracted from known heavy-baryon masses, with the couplings determined solely by the quark content of each state and no sector-dependent adjustment introduced. A mass-dependent binding term is implemented to account for spin-independent chromoelectric effects and to describe the transition from chromomagnetic to color-Coulomb dominance across the light-to-heavy quark regime, ensuring consistency with heavy-quark spin symmetry in the heavy-quark limit. The resulting predictions are in good agreement with available experimental measurements and lattice QCD results across both charm and bottom sectors. The extracted diquark parameters remain stable across all heavy-flavor sectors, establishing the present framework as a symmetry-constrained spectroscopic baseline for heavy-baryon structure.