Large-amplitude modulations and hours-timescale variability in the early X-ray light curve of a tidal disruption flare

TL;DR

This paper reports on the discovery of large-amplitude, hours-timescale X-ray variability in a tidal disruption event, exploring potential physical mechanisms like Lense-Thirring precession to explain the observed phenomena.

Contribution

It presents detailed multi-epoch X-ray, optical, and UV observations of J2344, revealing unique variability patterns and proposing a novel explanation involving accretion flow precession.

Findings

Large-amplitude X-ray modulations observed 50-60 days after peak brightness.

Different variability behaviors at different epochs suggest evolving physical processes.

Possible link between modulations and Lense-Thirring precession of the accretion flow.

Abstract

We present new X-ray, optical, and UV observations of the tidal disruption event candidate eRASSt J234402.9-352640, (hereafter J2344). Between 50 and 60 days after peak optical brightness, J2344 exhibited large-amplitude modulations in its 0.2-2 keV emission, when the flux repeatedly dimmed and re-brightened by a factor of ~6, over a ~3-day timescale. These modulations exhibited harder-when-brighter behaviour but were not detected in high-cadence observations obtained 60-70 days and 170-200 days after peak optical brightness, when the system instead exhibited stochastic X-ray variability over timescales of hours. We discuss the different physical mechanisms responsible for such exotic X-ray variability and explore the possibility that the modulations in J2344 were caused by the Lense-Thirring precession of the inner accretion flow around the disrupting black hole.