LEDA: Latent Semantic Distribution Alignment for Multi-domain Graph Pre-training

TL;DR

LEDA introduces a novel approach for universal graph pre-training by aligning semantic distributions across diverse domains, significantly improving cross-domain performance especially in few-shot scenarios.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new latent semantic distribution alignment method with a dimension projection and variational inference to enhance cross-domain graph pre-training.

Findings

LEDA outperforms in-domain baselines in few-shot cross-domain tasks.

The model effectively aligns diverse graph semantics with minimal information loss.

LEDA demonstrates strong performance across various downstream applications.

Abstract

Recent advances in generic large models, such as GPT and DeepSeek, have motivated the introduction of universality to graph pre-training, aiming to learn rich and generalizable knowledge across diverse domains using graph representations to improve performance in various downstream applications. However, most existing methods face challenges in learning effective knowledge from generic graphs, primarily due to simplistic data alignment and limited training guidance. The issue of simplistic data alignment arises from the use of a straightforward unification for highly diverse graph data, which fails to align semantics and misleads pre-training models. The problem with limited training guidance lies in the arbitrary application of in-domain pre-training paradigms to cross-domain scenarios. While it is effective in enhancing discriminative representation in one data space, it struggles to capture effective knowledge from many graphs. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Latent sEmantic Distribution Alignment (LEDA) model for universal graph pre-training. Specifically, we first introduce a dimension projection unit to adaptively align diverse domain features into a shared semantic space with minimal information loss. Furthermore, we design a variational semantic inference module to obtain the shared latent distribution. The distribution is then adopted to guide the domain projection, aligning it with shared semantics across domains and ensuring cross-domain semantic learning. LEDA exhibits strong performance across a broad range of graphs and downstream tasks. Remarkably, in few-shot cross-domain settings, it significantly outperforms in-domain baselines and advanced universal pre-training models.