Polarization Dynamics in VCSELs Under Sinusoidal Signal Modulation around the Polarization Switching point

TL;DR

This paper investigates how sinusoidal modulation affects the polarization switching behavior of VCSELs, revealing various dynamic regimes and offering insights for improved control in optical communication systems.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of polarization dynamics in VCSELs under sinusoidal modulation near the switching point, highlighting the effects of modulation parameters on polarization stability.

Findings

Identification of polarization locking, periodic, and irregular switching regimes

Influence of modulation frequency, amplitude, and bias current on polarization dynamics

Insights into controlling VCSEL polarization for high-speed applications

Abstract

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) combine compact geometry, low threshold current, and ease of integration, making them central to modern photonic systems. However, their polarization behavior remains a critical factor affecting performance, as the emission state can switch between orthogonally polarized modes around the so-called polarization switching point. This regime exhibits high sensitivity, where small perturbations induce abrupt polarization changes and nonlinear responses. In this work, the polarization dynamics of VCSELs under sinusoidal current modulation around the switching point are numerically investigated using the Spin-Flip Model. The study examines the influence of modulation frequency, amplitude, and bias current, revealing distinct dynamical regimes including polarization locking, periodic and irregular switching. The observed transitions between regimes elucidate the interplay between modulation and polarization stability, providing insight into the control of VCSEL dynamics for high-speed optical communication and sensing applications.