Leaky Coaxial Cable based Generalized Pinching-Antenna Systems with Dual-Port Feeding

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized pinching-antenna system using leaky coaxial cables with dual-port feeding, enhancing spatial degrees of freedom and data rates through innovative channel modeling and beamforming strategies.

Contribution

It extends pinching-antenna concepts to cable-based structures at lower frequencies and develops comprehensive models and optimization frameworks for improved wireless communication performance.

Findings

Dual-port feeding significantly outperforms single-port systems.

Proposed beamforming schemes improve data rates and interference management.

Simulation validates performance gains across various scenarios.

Abstract

By leveraging the distributed leakage radiation of leaky coaxial cables (LCXs), the concept of pinching antennas can be generalized from the conventional high-frequency waveguide based architectures to cable based structures in lower-frequency scenarios. This paper investigates an LCX based generalized pinching-antenna system with dual-port feeding. By enabling bidirectional excitation along each cable, the proposed design significantly enhances spatial degrees of freedom. A comprehensive channel model is developed to characterize intra-cable attenuation, bidirectional phase progression, slot based radiation, and wireless propagation. Based on this model, both analog and hybrid beamforming frameworks are studied with the objective of maximizing the minimum achievable data rate. For analog transmission, slot activation, port selection, and power allocation are jointly optimized using matching theory, coalitional games, and bisection based power control. For hybrid transmission, zero-forcing (ZF) digital precoding is incorporated to eliminate inter-user interference, thereby simplifying slot activation and enabling closed-form optimal power allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that dual-port feeding provides notable performance gains over single-port LCX systems and fixed-antenna benchmarks, validating the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming and resource allocation designs under various transmit power levels and cable parameters.