Towards Structure-Aware Surrogate Modeling: Explicit Region Interaction Improves Knee Contact Stress Prediction

TL;DR

This paper introduces explicit region-interaction architectures for surrogate modeling of knee contact stress, significantly improving accuracy, hotspot localization, and interpretability over traditional stacked models, enabling near-real-time injury risk assessment.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that explicit region-interaction models outperform stacked message passing models in modeling knee contact mechanics, especially for high-stress hotspots, with better interpretability and robustness.

Findings

Region-interaction models reduced whole-field stress errors.

They achieved higher accuracy in stress tail reconstruction.

Models showed superior hotspot localization and temporal robustness.

Abstract

Knee contact-stress hotspots are closely linked to meniscal/cartilage injury risk. Still, high-fidelity subject-specific FEA is too computationally expensive for large-cohort, multi-condition, near-real-time use. Existing MeshGraphNet-style surrogates mainly rely on stacked local message passing, which is often insufficient for modeling long-range dependencies and limits interpretability. This study benchmarked a deep-stacked baseline model against three explicit region-interaction architectures. Using a 90{\deg} change-of-direction task and a strict cross-subject evaluation framework, we assessed whole-field error, peak stress fidelity, and hotspot spatial consistency under matched computational budgets. Region-interaction models significantly reduced whole-field nodal stress errors compared to the purely stacked baseline. Crucially, they achieved markedly higher accuracy in reconstructing the high-stress tail and demonstrated superior spatial consistency and temporal robustness in localizing high-risk stress hotspots. Explicit region-level interaction provides a more structure-aligned surrogate modeling paradigm for knee contact mechanics and yields stronger risk-relevant stress phenotype recovery under comparable computational budgets, while supporting more interpretable injury-risk assessment.