Novel Asymmetrical High-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Brain Dedicated PET system: Design optimization and performance evaluation

TL;DR

This paper presents an optimized brain-dedicated PET system with high resolution and sensitivity, evaluated through simulations of various detector configurations and timing resolutions, demonstrating significant performance improvements for brain imaging.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel PET system design optimized for brain imaging, with detailed simulation-based evaluation of detector configurations and system performance.

Findings

Sensitivity up to 35.04% with 20 mm crystals

Spatial resolution between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm

Performance benefits of increased detector thickness and DOI

Abstract

Objective. This study investigates the best achievable performance of a brain-dedicated PET system with high resolution and sensitivity by evaluating different detector configurations, while maintaining a practical system design suitable for dynamic brain Imaging. Approach. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate system sensitivity and image quality under various timing resolutions (200 ps, 100 ps and 50 ps). The PET scanner geometry was optimized for human head imaging, featuring an elliptical cylindrical configuration with a neck cut-out, and front/back panels to enhance sensitivity and line of response (LOR) sampling. Detector configurations using LYSO:Ce crystals of varying thicknesses (15 mm and 20 mm) and depth of interaction (DOI) levels were simulated. Sensitivity was calculated using a point-like 511 keV back-to-back gamma source simulated at multiple locations within the field of view (FOV). Image reconstruction was conducted using list mode Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM), assessing both a Derenzo-type phantom and a voxelated digital brain phantom. Main results. A location-dependent sensitivity ranging from 35.04% to 13.59% was achieved using a 20 mm thick LYSO:Ce crystal. Spatial resolution ranged from 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm within the FOV without applying resolution recovery techniques, measured using the FWHM of reconstructed hot rods. Previous results using 15 mm crystals with three DOI levels showed sensitivity between 23.42% and 15.99%, confirming the performance benefits of increased detector thickness and DOI capability. Significance. This study demonstrates the potential of a practical, brain-optimized PET system to achieve superior resolution and sensitivity for brain imaging. The findings offer valuable insights into optimal detector configurations, supporting the development of next-generation high-performance brain PET technologies.