Teleportation transition of surface codes on a superconducting quantum processor

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates robust teleportation of topological surface codes on a 125-qubit superconducting processor, revealing a phase transition and methods to enhance entanglement thresholds for scalable quantum computing.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental realization of surface code teleportation with large code distances and introduces techniques to boost entanglement thresholds using coherent qubit rotations.

Findings

Successful teleportation of surface codes up to distance 7.

Identification of a teleportation phase diagram with a finite threshold.

Enhancement of entanglement threshold via magic resource injection.

Abstract

The topological surface code is a leading candidate for harnessing long-range entanglement to protect logical quantum information against errors, and teleportation of logical states is desirable for robust quantum information processing. Nevertheless, scaling up the surface code in quantum teleportation poses a formidable challenge to experiment. Here on a superconducting quantum processor with 125 qubits, we demonstrate the robust teleportation of topological rotated surface code prepared by a linear-depth unitary circuit, with code distances up to 7. We obtain the teleportation phase diagram by tuning the local entangling gates uniformly across a finite threshold. Furthermore, we show that the entangling threshold can be boosted by coherent qubit rotations that inject magic resources beyond the Clifford regime, restoring the duality symmetry of the topological phase, which serves as a guiding principle to minimize the entanglement resource. Our results shed light on simulating and leveraging topological quantum matter on quantum devices, and pave the way to the ultimate goal of distributed fault tolerant quantum computation.