Gradual smoothing: strong hypercontractivity and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities

TL;DR

This paper explores the regularization effects of Lévý-type operators on solutions to parabolic evolution problems, establishing new inequalities and regularity phenomena like strong hypercontractivity.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of strong hypercontractivity linked to logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and characterizes regularization based on kernel singularity levels.

Findings

Strong hypercontractivity characterized by solutions belonging to all L^p spaces at some time.

Operators with kernels comparable to log(I-Δ) are strongly hypercontractive but not supercontractive.

Kernel behavior determines the regularization speed: more singular kernels lead to instantaneous smoothing.

Abstract

We study the possibility of a gradual improvement as time progresses of the regularity of solutions to evolution problems of parabolic type driven by L\'evy-type operators, not necessarily translation invariant. In the course of our analysis we study the equivalence between general smoothing effects and a family of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. This equivalence allows us to identify a new type of regularization, strong hypercontractivity, characterized by the existence of a time at which solutions belong to every $L^p$ space with $p$ finite. It can also be used to prove logarithmic Sobolev inequalities in a context not previously seen in the literature. We then show that any purely nonlocal L\'evy-type operator whose kernel is comparable to that of $\log(I-\Delta)$ is strongly hypercontractive, but fails to be supercontractive and, consequently, also fails to be ultracontractive. Furthermore, in the translation-invariant case, we also prove that solutions get bounded eventually and start improving in differentiability right after doing so. Finally, we show that this behaviour only appears if the kernel defining the operator behaves as $|x-y|^{-N}$ for small interactions ($0^+$-order operators): more singular kernels yield instantaneous smoothing, while less singular ones do not produce any regularization.