Profiling THz Beams With Off-Label Use of Infrared Microbolometric Cameras

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that standard infrared cameras can be repurposed to effectively profile terahertz beams, offering a cost-effective alternative to specialized THz detectors with comparable accuracy.

Contribution

The paper introduces a method to use off-label infrared cameras for THz beam profiling, achieving similar performance to dedicated THz cameras at a fraction of the cost.

Findings

IR cameras measured THz beam width within 6% of specialized cameras

IR cameras detected down to 1.5 THz with high linearity

Cost of IR camera use is less than 1% of dedicated THz cameras

Abstract

Visualizing the spatial profile of light beams is essential for evaluating irradiance, characterizing beam quality, and achieving precise alignment. In the optical spectral range, this is readily performed using silicon-based CCD and CMOS cameras. In the terahertz (THz) range, however, it typically requires specialized detectors with prohibitive costs. Here, we show that an infrared (IR) camera can be used outside of its labeled specifications to achieve similar performance as a dedicated microbolometric THz camera, at under 1% of the THz camera's cost. We compared the cameras by characterizing THz beam profiles from two sources: a pulsed broadband THz beam produced through optical rectification in organic crystals, and a narrowband quasi-continuous-wave (quasi-CW) THz beam emitted by a quantum cascade laser. For the broadband THz radiation, the beam width measured by the two cameras differed by only ~ 6%, well within the pixel resolution limit, and in the narrowband quasi-CW case by just ~ 1.3%. Additionally, the IR camera exhibits a lower minimum detectable power (down to 1.5 THz) than the THz camera, while also maintaining a linear and polarization-independent responsivity. These results expand the applicability of conventional IR cameras to the THz range, suggesting that they will become routine tools for high-fidelity THz beam diagnostics and imaging in scientific and industrial applications.