Analytic continuation of Green's functions with a neural network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a neural network approach to reconstruct spectral densities from imaginary-time Green's functions, outperforming traditional methods in certain scenarios and offering a systematic way to improve results through training data enhancement.

Contribution

The authors develop a convolutional neural network that reliably reconstructs spectral densities, incorporating physical constraints and demonstrating advantages over the Maximum Entropy method in specific cases.

Findings

Neural network outperforms MaxEnt on Gaussian test data.

MaxEnt better captures physical features in real models.

Network performance improves with enhanced training data.

Abstract

An important problem in many-body physics is to reconstruct the spectral density from the imaginary-time domain Green's function. Typically, the imaginary-time Green's function is generated by Monte Carlo methods. As the one-point fermionic kernel diverges exponentially for large frequencies, numerical noise generically causes instabilities. We use a convolutional neural network to obtain the spectral density for a given imaginary time Green's function. The network is trained by data which we generate using random Gaussians. We improve the training data set available by including collision centers for the Gaussians rather than employing uniformly distributed Gaussians. Our network is constructed in such a way that its output fulfills positive semidefiniteness. We compare the results of our network with results of the Maximum Entropy method (MaxEnt), a standard method for the same reconstruction problem for the spectral density. This comparison is performed for three different cases, namely our Gaussian based test data as well as two physical models, the 1d Hubbard model showing spin-charge separation, and the two-dimensional SSH model in the self-consistent Born approximation. We find that the network outperforms MaxEnt when presented data close to the training set. For the physical models considered, MaxEnt recognizes physical features more precisely as compared to our network prediction. While it is hard to improve MaxEnt, the quality of the network depends on the training data set which can be systematically enhanced and improved.