Experimental certification of ensembles of high-dimensional quantum states with independent quantum devices

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an experimental method to certify high-dimensional quantum state ensembles using independent devices, maintaining high fidelity even under atmospheric turbulence, with implications for quantum certification and random number generation.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental certification of high-dimensional quantum states with independent devices in a semi-device-independent manner, including noise robustness analysis.

Findings

Achieved about 99% fidelity in high-dimensional state preparation and measurement.

Successfully certified ensembles up to ten dimensions.

Demonstrated robustness of certification under atmospheric turbulence.

Abstract

When increasing the dimensionality of quantum systems, high-dimensional quantum state certification becomes important in quantum information science and technology. However, how to certify ensembles of high-dimensional quantum states in a black-box scenario remains a challenging task. In this work, we report an experimental test of certifying ensembles of high-dimensional quantum states based on prepare-and-measure experiments with \textit{independent devices}, where the state preparation device and the measurement device have no shared randomness. In our experiment, the prepared quantum states are high-dimensional orbital angular momentum states of single photons, and both the preparation fidelity and the measurement fidelity are about 99.0$\%$ for the six-dimensional quantum states. We also measure the crosstalk matrices and calculate the similarity parameter for up to ten dimensions. We not only experimentally certify the ensemble of high-dimensional quantum states in a semi-device-independent manner, but also experimentally investigate the effect of atmospheric turbulent noise on high-dimensional quantum state certification. Our experimental results clearly show that the certification of high-dimensional quantum states can still be achieved even under the influence of atmospheric turbulent noise. Our findings have potential implications in quantum certification and quantum random number generation.