Operationalization of Machine Learning with Serverless Architecture: An Industrial Operationalization of Machine Learning with Serverless Architecture: An Industrial Implementation for Harmonized System Code Prediction

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a serverless MLOps framework for industrial machine learning applications, exemplified by a high-accuracy Harmonized System code prediction system that emphasizes reproducibility, cost-efficiency, and operational agility.

Contribution

It introduces a model-agnostic, serverless MLOps architecture supporting diverse inference patterns, with practical implementation details for industrial HS code prediction.

Findings

Text-CNN achieves 98% accuracy on HS code prediction

The pipeline ensures reproducibility, auditability, and SLA adherence

Cost-efficient model selection prioritizes deterministic classification

Abstract

This paper presents a serverless MLOps framework orchestrating the complete ML lifecycle from data ingestion, training, deployment, monitoring, and retraining to using event-driven pipelines and managed services. The architecture is model-agnostic, supporting diverse inference patterns through standardized interfaces, enabling rapid adaptation without infrastructure overhead. We demonstrate practical applicability through an industrial implementation for Harmonized System (HS) code prediction, a compliance-critical task where short, unstructured product descriptions are mapped to standardized codes used by customs authorities in global trade. Frequent updates and ambiguous descriptions make classification challenging, with errors causing shipment delays and financial losses. Our solution uses a custom text embedding encoder and multiple deep learning architectures, with Text-CNN achieving 98 percent accuracy on ground truth data. Beyond accuracy, the pipeline ensures reproducibility, auditability, and SLA adherence under variable loads via auto-scaling. A key feature is automated A/B testing, enabling dynamic model selection and safe promotion in production. Cost-efficiency drives model choice; while transformers may achieve similar accuracy, their long-term operational costs are significantly higher. Deterministic classification with predictable latency and explainability is prioritized, though the architecture remains extensible to transformer variants and LLM-based inference. The paper first introduces the deep learning architectures with simulations and model comparisons, then discusses industrialization through serverless architecture, demonstrating automated retraining, prediction, and validation of HS codes. This work provides a replicable blueprint for operationalizing ML using serverless architecture, enabling enterprises to scale while optimizing performance and economics.