IntentCUA: Learning Intent-level Representations for Skill Abstraction and Multi-Agent Planning in Computer-Use Agents

TL;DR

IntentCUA introduces a multi-agent framework that uses intent-aligned plan memory and skill retrieval to improve long-horizon desktop automation, reducing errors and increasing efficiency.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel multi-agent system with intent-based plan memory and skill retrieval for stable, efficient long-horizon task execution in computer-use agents.

Findings

Achieved 74.83% task success rate.

Reduced redundant re-planning with intent prototypes.

Multi-view intent abstraction improves stability.

Abstract

Computer-use agents operate over long horizons under noisy perception, multi-window contexts, evolving environment states. Existing approaches, from RL-based planners to trajectory retrieval, often drift from user intent and repeatedly solve routine subproblems, leading to error accumulation and inefficiency. We present IntentCUA, a multi-agent computer-use framework designed to stabilize long-horizon execution through intent-aligned plan memory. A Planner, Plan-Optimizer, and Critic coordinate over shared memory that abstracts raw interaction traces into multi-view intent representations and reusable skills. At runtime, intent prototypes retrieve subgroup-aligned skills and inject them into partial plans, reducing redundant re-planning and mitigating error propagation across desktop applications. In end-to-end evaluations, IntentCUA achieved a 74.83% task success rate with a Step Efficiency Ratio of 0.91, outperforming RL-based and trajectory-centric baselines. Ablations show that multi-view intent abstraction and shared plan memory jointly improve execution stability, with the cooperative multi-agent loop providing the largest gains on long-horizon tasks. These results highlight that system-level intent abstraction and memory-grounded coordination are key to reliable and efficient desktop automation in large, dynamic environments.