An Algebraic Invariant for Free Convolutional Codes over Finite Local Rings

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Residual Structural Polynomial as a new algebraic invariant for free convolutional codes over finite local rings, providing criteria for non-catastrophic realizations and revealing duality properties.

Contribution

It defines a novel invariant, Delta_p(C), that characterizes free convolutional codes over Z_{p^r} and links it to code catastrophicity and duality.

Findings

Delta_p(C) is an intrinsic code invariant.

Non-catastrophic codes correspond to monomial Delta_p(C).

Delta_p(C) equals Delta_p(C^perp), showing duality symmetry.

Abstract

This paper investigates the algebraic structure of free convolutional codes over the finite local ring Z_{p^r}. We introduce a new structural invariant, the Residual Structural Polynomial, denoted by Delta_p(C) in F_p[D]. We construct this invariant via encoders which are reduced internal degree matrices (RIDM). We formally demonstrate that Delta_p(C) is an intrinsic characteristic of the code, invariant under equivalent RIDMs. A central result of this work is the establishment that Delta_p(C) serves as an algebraic criterion for intrinsic catastrophicity: we prove that a free code C admits a non-catastrophic realization if and only if Delta_p(C) is a monomial of the form D^s. Furthermore, we establish a fundamental duality theorem, proving that Delta_p(C) = Delta_p(C^perp). This result reveals a deep structural symmetry, showing that the "catastrophicity" of a free code is preserved under orthogonality.