Signature Varieties of Splines

TL;DR

This paper explores the algebraic and geometric properties of spline signature tensors, including their varieties, dimensions, and reconstruction capabilities, with implications for path learning and data interpolation.

Contribution

It introduces the study of algebraic varieties of spline signature tensors, analyzing their structure, dimension, degree, and the fibers of the signature map for path reconstruction.

Findings

Signature tensor varieties are characterized as orbits of a matrix-tensor action.

The dimension and degree of these varieties are computed in several examples.

Reconstruction of splines from signature tensors approximates original paths closely.

Abstract

Splines are central objects for the interpolation of discrete data via piecewise smooth paths. Their iterated-integral signature is an infinite collection of tensors which characterizes paths almost uniquely. We study truncations of this collection, which define algebraic maps from parameter space to tensor space. We prove that the images of these maps are given by orbits of a matrix-tensor action. Furthermore, taking the Zariski closure, we define and study varieties of spline signature tensors. We determine dimension and degree of these tensor varieties in a number of examples, relying on symbolic computations. With a view towards learning, constructing paths with a given signature tensor translates to studying the fibers of the signature map. We use computational methods to determine their cardinality, with a focus on its dependence on different classes of splines. We observe in explicit examples that reconstructing splines from a given signature tensor of a path yields close approximations of the original path.